Technical References
Clinical guidelines, research citations, and technical resources that inform our Coordinated Specialty Care approach.
Clinical & Academic References
1. Read, H., & Kohrt, B. A. (2022). The History of Coordinated Specialty Care for Early Intervention in Psychosis in the United States: A Review of Effectiveness, Implementation, and Fidelity. Community mental health journal, 58(5), 835–846. [PubMed]
2. Powell, A.-L., Hinger, C., Marshall-Lee, E. D., Miller-Roberts, T., & Phillips, K. (2020). Implementing Coordinated Specialty Care for First Episode Psychosis: A Review of Barriers and Solutions. Community Mental Health Journal. [PubMed]
3. McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008). Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiologic reviews, 30, 67–76. [PubMed]
4. Perälä, J., Suvisaari, J., Saarni, S. I., Kuoppasalmi, K., Isometsä, E., Pirkola, S., … Lönnqvist, J. (2007). Lifetime Prevalence of Psychotic and Bipolar I Disorders in a General Population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(1), 19. [PubMed]
5. Murphy, T., Krasa, H., Lavigne,G., Franiosa, T., Palsgrove, A., Stalters, L., Than, K., Birch, K., Ching, K., Shafrin, J., Chou, J., & Baumgardner, J. (2021) Societal Costs of Schizophrenia & Related Disorders [White Paper] Schizophrenia & Psychosis Action Alliance. [Publisher Link] Note: Recovery being defined as symptom remission combined with restored occupational and psychosocial function.
6. Fredrickson BL. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Sep 29;359(1449):1367-78. [PubMed]
7. Penney, D., Sauvé, G., Mendelson, D., Thibaudeau, É., Moritz, S., & Lepage, M. (2022). Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 79(5), 417–429. [PubMed]
8. Moritz, S., Veckenstedt, R., Andreou, C., Bohn, F., Hottenrott, B., Leighton, L., Köther, U., Woodward, T. S., Treszl, A., Menon, M., Schneider, B. C., Pfueller, U., & Roesch-Ely, D. (2014). Sustained and "sleeper" effects of group metacognitive training for schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 71(10), 1103–1111. [PubMed]
9. Granholm, E., Twamley, E. W., Mahmood, Z., Keller, A. V., Lykins, H. C., Parrish, E. M., Thomas, M. L., Perivoliotis, D., & Holden, J. L. (2022). Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training and Compensatory Cognitive Training for Negative Symptoms of Psychosis: Effects in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophrenia bulletin, 48(2), 359–370. [PubMed]
10. Mahmood, Z., Clark, J., & Twamley, E. W. (2019). Compensatory Cognitive Training for psychosis: Effects on negative symptom subdomains. Schizophrenia research, 204, 397–400. [PubMed]
11. Twamley, E. W., Vella, L., Burton, C. Z., Heaton, R. K., & Jeste, D. V. (2012). Compensatory cognitive training for psychosis: effects in a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 73(9), 1212–1219. [PubMed] Note: May be combined with real-world problem solving training modules from CBSST
12. Deegan P.E., & Drake R.E. (2006). Shared decision making and medication management in the recovery process. Psychiatric Services, 57, 1636-1639. (Refs: Heinssen, R.K., Levendusky, P.G., & Hunter, R.H. (1995). Client as colleague: therapeutic contracting with the seriously mentally ill. American Psychologist, 50, 522-532.) [PubMed]
13. Meltzer HY, Alphs L, Green AI, et al. (2003). Clozapine Treatment for Suicidality in Schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60(1):82–91. [PubMed] Note: This is NOT family therapy as most would understand it because the benefits are wholly targeted at the client and not the whole family
14. McFarlane, W. R. (2002). Multifamily groups in the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders. Guilford Press. [Publisher Link]
15. Fjell, A., Bloch Thorsen, G. R., Friis, S., Johannessen, J. O., Larsen, T. K., Lie, K., Lyse, H. G., Melle, I., Simonsen, E., Smeby, N. A., Øxnevad, A. L., McFarlane, W. R., Vaglum, P., & McGlashan, T. (2007). Multifamily group treatment in a program for patients with first-episode psychosis: experiences from the TIPS project. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 58(2), 171–173. [PubMed]
16. Breitborde, N. J., Woods, S. W., & Srihari, V. H. (2009). Multifamily psychoeducation for first-episode psychosis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 60(11), 1477–1483. [PubMed]
17. Mueser, K. T., & Glynn, S. M. (1999). Behavioral family therapy for Psychiatric Disorders. New Harbinger. [Publisher Link]
18. Ventura, J., Subotnik, K. L., Gretchen-Doorly, D., Casaus, L., Boucher, M., Medalia, A., Bell, M. D., Hellemann, G. S., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (2019). Cognitive remediation can improve negative symptoms and social functioning in first-episode schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia research, 203, 24–31. [PubMed]
19. Mahmood, Z., Clark, J., & Twamley, E. W. (2019). Compensatory Cognitive Training for psychosis: Effects on negative symptom subdomains. Schizophrenia research, 204, 397–400. [PubMed]
20. Twamley, E. W., Vella, L., Burton, C. Z., Heaton, R. K., & Jeste, D. V. (2012). Compensatory cognitive training for psychosis: effects in a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 73(9), 1212–1219. [PubMed]
21. Combs, D. R., Adams, S. D., Penn, D. L., Roberts, D., Tiegreen, J., & Stem, P. (2007). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: preliminary findings. Schizophrenia research, 91(1-3), 112–116. [PubMed]
22. Roberts, D., Penn, D., & Combs, D. (2015). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT): Group Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders, Clinician Guide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [Publisher Link]
23. Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Becker, D. R. (2020). An update on Individual Placement and Support. World Psychiatry, 19(3), 390-391. [PubMed]
24. Peer Involvement and Leadership in Early Intervention in Psychosis Services: From Planning to Peer Support and Evaluation. [Publisher Link]
25. Moritz, S., Andreou, C., Schneider, B. C., Wittekind, C. E., Menon, M., Balzan, R. P., & Woodward, T. S. (2014). Sowing the seeds of doubt: a narrative review on metacognitive training in schizophrenia. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 358–366. [PubMed]
26. Kingdon, D., Turkington, D., & John, C. (1994). Cognitive behaviour therapy of schizophrenia. The amenability of delusions and hallucinations to reasoning. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164(5), 581-587. [PubMed]
27. Kingdon, D. G., & Turkington, D. (2005). Cognitive therapy of schizophrenia. New York: Guilford Press. [Publisher Link]
28. Landa, Y. (2017). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis ( CBTp ) An Introductory Manual for Clinicians. Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, 1–28. [Publisher Link]
29. Penney, D., Sauvé, G., Mendelson, D., Thibaudeau, É., Moritz, S., & Lepage, M. (2022). Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 79(5), 417–429. [PubMed]
30. Moritz, S., Veckenstedt, R., Andreou, C., Bohn, F., Hottenrott, B., Leighton, L., Köther, U., Woodward, T. S., Treszl, A., Menon, M., Schneider, B. C., Pfueller, U., & Roesch-Ely, D. (2014). Sustained and "sleeper" effects of group metacognitive training for schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 71(10), 1103–1111. [PubMed]
31. Combs, D. R., Adams, S. D., Penn, D. L., Roberts, D., Tiegreen, J., & Stem, P. (2007). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: preliminary findings. Schizophrenia research, 91(1-3), 112–116. [PubMed]
32. Roberts, D., Penn, D., & Combs, D. (2015). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT): Group Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders, Clinician Guide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [Publisher Link]
33. Bellack, A. S., Mueser, K. T., Gingerich, S., & Agresta, J. (2013). Social Skills training for schizophrenia, second edition: A step-by-step guide. Guilford Publications. [Publisher Link]
34. Note: Social learning theory posits that we acquire social behaviors through a combination of observing actions of others and the naturally occurring positive and negative consequences of our actions...
35. Bellack, A. S., Mueser, K. T., Gingerich, S., & Agresta, J. (2004). (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. [Publisher Link]
36. Pratt, R., MacGregor, A., Reid, S., & Given, L. (2013). Experience of wellness recovery action planning in self-help and mutual support groups for people with lived experience of mental health difficulties. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2013, 180587. [PubMed]
37. David, T. and I. Leudar. (2001). Head to head: Is hearing voices a sign of mental illness? The Psychologist, 14, no. 5, 256-259. [Publisher Link]
38. Heinssen, R., Goldstein, A. B., & Azrin, S. T. (2014). Evidence-based treatments for first episode psychosis: Components of coordinated care. Recovery after an initial schizophrenia episode. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health. [Publisher Link]
39. O’Keeffe D, Keogh B and Higgins A (2021) Meaning in Life in Long-Term Recovery in First-Episode Psychosis: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Front. Psychiatry 12:676593. [PubMed] Note: This is contrasted with the age old existential question of whether there is a transcendental, universal, objective meaning of all reality and our lived experience.
40. O’Keeffe D, Keogh B and Higgins A (2021) Meaning in Life in Long-Term Recovery in First-Episode Psychosis: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Front. Psychiatry 12:676593. [PubMed] Note: Patiency: the quality or state of being patient or passive.
41. Moore JW (2016) What Is the Sense of Agency and Why Does it Matter? Front. Psychol. 7:1272. [PubMed]
42. Synofzik, M., Vosgerau, G., and Newen, A. (2008). Beyond the comparator model: a multifactorial two-step account of agency. Conscious. Cogn. 17, 219–239. [PubMed]
43. Moore JW (2016) What Is the Sense of Agency and Why Does it Matter? Front. Psychol. 7:1272. [PubMed]
44. Moore JW (2016) What Is the Sense of Agency and Why Does it Matter? Front. Psychol. 7:1272. [PubMed]
45. Clinical Neuropsychology - Metacognitive Training [Publisher Link]
46. Combs, D. R., Adams, S. D., Penn, D. L., Roberts, D., Tiegreen, J., & Stem, P. (2007). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: preliminary findings. Schizophrenia research, 91(1-3), 112–116. [PubMed]
47. Roberts, D., Penn, D., & Combs, D. (2015). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT): Group Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders, Clinician Guide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [Publisher Link]
48. Bellack, A. S., Mueser, K. T., Gingerich, S., & Agresta, J. (2004). (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. [Publisher Link]
49. Laugeson, Elizabeth A. (2017). PEERS for Young Adults: Social Skills Training for Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Social Challenges. Routledge. [Publisher Link]
50. Laugeson, Elizabeth A. (2014). The PEERS curriculum for school-based professionals: social skills training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. New York, NY: Routledge. [Publisher Link]
51. Granholm, E., Holden, J., Link, P. C., & McQuaid, J. R. (2014). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral social skills training for schizophrenia: improvement in functioning and experiential negative symptoms. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(6), 1173–1185. [PubMed]
52. Granholm, E., McQuaid, J. R., Auslander, L. A., & McClure, F. S. (2004). Group Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training for Older Outpatients With Chronic Schizophrenia. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 18(3), 265–279. [PubMed]
53. Granholm, E., McQuaid, J. R., McClure, F. S., Auslander, L. A., Perivoliotis, D., Pedrelli, P., Patterson, T., & Jeste, D. V. (2005). A randomized, controlled trial of cognitive behavioral social skills training for middle-aged and older outpatients with chronic schizophrenia. The American journal of psychiatry, 162(3), 520–529. [PubMed]
54. Granholm, E., Holden, J., Link, P. C., McQuaid, J. R., & Jeste, D. V. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral social skills training for older consumers with schizophrenia: defeatist performance attitudes and functional outcome. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry, 21(3), 251–262. [PubMed] Note: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), WRAT5, WCST?, ToL? TMT-B, , vocal emotion recognition test, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Brief Negative Symptom Scale, and the Personal and Social Performance Scale.
55. Granholm, E., Twamley, E. W., Mahmood, Z., Keller, A. V., Lykins, H. C., Parrish, E. M., Thomas, M. L., Perivoliotis, D., & Holden, J. L. (2022). Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training and Compensatory Cognitive Training for Negative Symptoms of Psychosis: Effects in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Schizophrenia bulletin, 48(2), 359–370. [PubMed]
56. Mahmood, Z., Clark, J., & Twamley, E. W. (2019). Compensatory Cognitive Training for psychosis: Effects on negative symptom subdomains. Schizophrenia research, 204, 397–400. [PubMed]
57. Twamley, E. W., Vella, L., Burton, C. Z., Heaton, R. K., & Jeste, D. V. (2012). Compensatory cognitive training for psychosis: effects in a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 73(9), 1212–1219. [PubMed] Note: May be combined with real-world problem solving training modules from CBSST
58. Saperstein, A. M., Medalia, A., Malinovsky, I., Bello, I., & Dixon, L. B. (2021). Toolkit for assessing and addressing cognitive health in early psychosis: Evaluation of feasibility and utility in a coordinated specialty care setting. Early intervention in psychiatry, 15(5), 1376–1381. [PubMed]
59. Killaspy, H., Craig, T., Dark, F., Harvey, C., & Medalia, A. (2021). Editorial: Design and Implementation of Rehabilitation Interventions for People With Complex Psychosis. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 698432. [PubMed]
60. Medalia, A., & Choi, J. (2009). Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology review, 19(3), 353–364. [PubMed]
61. Fisher, M., Holland, C., Subramaniam, K., & Vinogradov, S. (2009). Neuroplasticity-Based Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia: An Interim Report on the Effects 6 Months Later. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(4), 869–879. [PubMed]
62. Thomas, M. L., Bismark, A. W., Joshi, Y. B., Tarasenko, M., Treichler, E. B. H., Hochberger, W. C., … Light, G. A. (2018). Targeted cognitive training improves auditory and verbal outcomes among treatment refractory schizophrenia patients mandated to residential care. Schizophrenia Research. [PubMed]
63. Nuechterlein, K. H., Ventura, J., Subotnik, K. L., Gretchen-Doorly, D., Turner, L. R., Casaus, L. R., Luo, J., Boucher, M. L., Hayata, J. N., Bell, M. D., & Medalia, A. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation and long-acting injectable risperidone after a first episode of schizophrenia: improving cognition and work/school functioning. Psychological medicine, 1–10. [PubMed]
64. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Autism spectrum disorder [DSM-5 fact sheet]. [PDF]
65. Fernandes, J. M., Cajão, R., Lopes, R., Jerónimo, R., & Barahona-Corrêa, J. B. (2018). Social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of direct comparisons. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 504. [DOI]
66. National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Schizophrenia (NIH Publication No. 24-MH-8082) [Brochure]. [PDF]
67. Oliver, L. D., Moxon-Emre, I., Lai, M.-C., Grennan, L., Voineskos, A. N., & Ameis, S. H. (2021). Social cognitive performance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(3), 281–292. [DOI]
68. Pina-Camacho, L., Parellada, M., & Kyriakopoulos, M. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: Boundaries and uncertainties. BJPsych Advances, 22(5), 316–324. [DOI]
69. Combs, D. R., Adams, S. D., Penn, D. L., Roberts, D. L., Tiegreen, J., & Stem, P. (2007). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Preliminary findings. Schizophrenia Research, 91(1-3), 112–116. [DOI]
70. Fiszdon, J. M., & Reddy, L. F. (2012). Review of social cognitive treatments for psychosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(8), 724–740. [DOI]
71. Roberts, D. L., & Penn, D. L. (2009). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for outpatients with schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Research, 166(2-3), 141–147. [DOI]
72. Roberts, D. L., Penn, D. L., & Combs, D. R. (2016). Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT): Clinician guide. Oxford University Press. (Note: This is the primary manualized text for practitioners).
73. Turner-Brown, L. M., Perry, T. D., Dichter, G. S., Bodfish, J. W., & Penn, D. L. (2008). Brief report: Feasibility of Social Cognition and Interaction Training for adults with high functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(9), 1777–1784. [DOI]
74. De Crescenzo, F., Postorino, V., Siracusano, M., Riccioni, A., Armando, M., Curatolo, P., & Mazzone, L. (2019). Autistic symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 78. [DOI]
75. Trevisan, D. A., Foss-Feig, J. H., Naples, A. J., Srihari, V. H., & McPartland, J. C. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are better differentiated by positive symptoms than negative symptoms. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 548. [DOI]
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77. Florida Behavioral Health Center. (2020). Psychotherapeutic medication guidelines for adults: Schizophrenia (includes DSM-5 criteria excerpt). [Guideline PDF]
78. University of Oregon (teaching resource). (n.d.). Diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder through the years (DSM-I to DSM-IV) [PDF]. [PDF]
79. Ribolsi, M., Fiori Nastro, F., Pelle, M., Medici, C., Sacchetto, S., Lisi, G., Riccioni, A., Siracusano, M., Mazzone, L., & Di Lorenzo, G. (2022). Recognizing psychosis in autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 768586. [DOI]
80. Rashidi, A. G., Oliver, L. D., Moxon-Emre, I., Hawco, C., Dickie, E. W., Pan, R., Secara, M. T., Yu, J.-C., Szatmari, P., Desarkar, P., Foussias, G., Buchanan, R. W., Malhotra, A. K., Lai, M.-C., Voineskos, A. N., & Ameis, S. H. (2026). Comparative analysis of social cognitive and neurocognitive performance across autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 52(1), sbaf005. [DOI]
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