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WHAT IS CSC?

The evolution of specialty care for psychosis

Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) is a paradigm shift from reactive crisis management to proactive, recovery-oriented intervention. This report walks through the transition from the foundational RAISE/NAVIGATE model to a holistic ecosystem of care.

74 Weeks
Historical Median DUP

Duration of Untreated Psychosis in the US before widespread CSC adoption.

24×
Mortality Risk

Elevated risk of death in the first year after diagnosis vs. age-matched peers.

$281.6 Billion
Schziophrenia Cost (US 2020)

Schizophrenia, and related illnesses costs, including health care, incarceration, lost wages, supportive housing, etc.

Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC): what is it?

CSC was developed as an alternative care delivery model that was a proactive, evidence-based treatment model designed for youth and young adults experiencing a first episode of psychosis (FEP). It shifted away from traditional crisis-driven care, CSC utilizes a multidisciplinary, team-based approach centered on early intervention and shared decision-making. A core feature of "specialized care" is the diagnostically homogeneous treatment environment (i.e. everyone is experiencing psychosis), which reduces stigma and allow for optimized clinical messaging.  [See our visual tutorial on emerging psychosis o learn more about how it interferes with standard treatment]  By integrating five core components, personalized medication management, recovery-oriented psychotherapy, family education and support, supported education and employment, and dedicated case management, the model creates a comprehensive and cohesive care plan. Ultimately, CSC addresses the whole person rather than just their symptoms, empowering individuals to manage their health, stay in school or the workforce, and pursue their life goals with the expectation of long-term functional recovery.

The Foundational NAVIGATE Framework

The RAISE initiative formalized the first-episode psychosis treatment standard through the NAVIGATE model. These four pillars stabilize symptoms and re-engage young adults with their communities through shared decision-making and strength-based support.

Personalized Medication

Unlike chronic care, FEP medication management prioritizes minimizing side effects to prevent treatment dropout. Working together, prescribers and clients use shared decision-making to find the lowest effective dose.

  • ● Low-dose antipsychotics to maximize tolerance
  • ● Emphasis on minimizing metabolic & extrapyramidal effects
  • ● Data-driven tracking of side effect burden

Clinical Outcomes: CSC vs. Traditional Care

The RAISE-ETP trial (N=404) demonstrated that participants in coordinated care stayed in treatment longer and achieved better functional quality of life.

Improvement Benchmarks

Data visualized from RAISE-ETP results. Normalized scale for comparison.

Quality of Life (QLS)

NAVIGATE participants showed significantly higher scores in "Sense of Purpose" and "Role Functioning" over 24 months.

Retention Advantage

Engagement remains the single biggest challenge. CSC's youth-friendly approach significantly delays treatment disengagement.

The Critical Window

Participants with a DUP < 74 weeks responded far more robustly, highlighting the neurobiological necessity of rapid intervention.

OnTrackNY: The Systemic Success

Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) models like OnTrackNY integrate cognitive health into a multidisciplinary team. By addressing cognition early (First-Episode Psychosis), outcomes shift from chronic disability to active community participation.

Hospitalization Reduction

Dramatic reduction from 74% to 10% within the first year of intervention.

Functional Enrollment

School and work participation nearly doubles (43% to 70%) through supported education.

Unmet Needs & the future of CSC

Closing the gap between symptom control and real-world recovery.

The Functional Recovery Gap

Despite the success of NAVIGATE, data showed that 50% of participants remained functionally disabled after two years. While symptoms stabilized, the "cognitive architecture", memory, focus, and social reasoning, remained damaged. This realization catalyzed the current expansion of the CSC model.

Addressing the Unmet Needs
Cognitive Impairment prevalence in FEP participants (90%+)
Co-occurring Substance Use (50%+)

The next generation of CSC

Treatment as Usual (TAU): the standard community mental-health response to a first psychotic episode prior to the development of CSC was ineffective on many levels. It was reactive and fragmented: a crisis, an emergency visit, a prescription, and sparse follow-up. Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) replaced that model with a team-based, recovery-oriented system validated by the NIMH RAISE trials. CSC was the beginning of a new era for psychosis care, but only a beginning. It failed to directly target many features of psychosis like impaired neurocognition or social cognition, among others. Augmented-CSC (aka CSCplus) is the next step in the evolution of care. It adds layers additional evidence-based modules onto the CSC foundation (e.g. cognitive remediation, metabolic monitoring, digital relapse detection, and family-led coaching) to close the gaps the original RAISE cohort still experienced.

Treatment as Usual (TAU)

The reactive baseline

  • ● Crisis-driven: care starts only after a hospitalization or ER visit
  • ● Multiple uncoordinated providers with little shared planning
  • ● Medication-first, often without side-effect shared decision-making
  • ● Family, school, and work involvement is incidental, not structured
  • ● No standardized outcome tracking or relapse-prevention protocol

Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC)

The RAISE / NAVIGATE standard

  • ● Team-based: one multidisciplinary team with a shared treatment plan
  • ● Personalized, low-dose medication with shared decision-making
  • ● Resiliency Training (IRT) as the psychosocial core
  • ● Supported employment & education (IPS / SEE) built in
  • ● Family education as a structured, trauma-informed module

Augmented-CSC

Closing the recovery gap

  • ● Neurocognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) for residual cognitive deficits
  • ● Proactive metabolic & cardiovascular monitoring
  • ● Digital phenotyping & early relapse-detection tools
  • ● Family-led coaching extending support beyond the clinic
  • ● Social cognitive remediaiton

The evidence is clear: in the RAISE-ETP trial, CSC outperformed TAU across symptom control, quality of life, and school/work participation, with medication discontinuation rates roughly a quarter of TAU. Augmented-CSC is the next step: the same coordinated backbone, expanded to address the cognitive and physical-health dimensions that still limit long-term recovery. The sections below walk through that backbone first, then the augmentations.

This page was medically reviewed by Eric Wexler M.D., Ph.D. on August 14, 2026.